“It is Legal to Shoot Mike Brannigan”
San Francisco was hit by two great earthquakes in the 1860s. Mark Twain witnessed the collapse of the building in the center image of this depiction of the 1865 quake. (Print by D.E. Appleton, Online Archive of California). |
(Read Part Eleven: "The Worst Scoundrel in Virginia City")
Banished from Virginia City, unwelcome
in Sacramento, Mike Brannigan crept back to his old haunts along the
San Francisco waterfront. The city had grown a lot since he had been
exiled by the Committee of Vigilance in 1856, and had become richer
as well on account of the silver flowing in from the Sierras.
Although the Vigilance Committee had
been officially disbanded, it remained in power in the form of the
People’s Party, which dominated San Francisco politics through most
of the 1860s. While the People’s Party were less inclined to
lynchings and paramilitary justice than the old Committee, they
nevertheless continued to keep order with an iron fist, posting armed
guards at polling places to discourage citizens from voting for the
wrong party. All in the name of peace and justice, of course.
"Dutch Charley" Duane. (Guardians of the City) |
Mike was not the first of the Vigilance-era exiles to return to the city. The trio of exiles who had seen him off from the New York docks on his first ill-fated attempt to return—“Dutch Charley” Duane, Billy Mulligan, and John Crowe—had each quietly slipped back into San Francisco over the intervening years.
Although their banishments had been
officially revoked, all of the exiles encountered trouble on their
return to the city. Crowe had been set upon and beaten up by a group
of men as a warning. Dutch Charley, the erstwhile fireman and politician, was now
effectively blocked from both careers. He went into real estate,
got into the occasional shoot out, and set himself to denouncing the
Vigilantes in his angry memoirs.
Billy Mulligan. (San Francisco Examiner) |
Billy Mulligan had it the worst. Billy had been a New York boxer back in the 40s, along with Duane, Chris Lilly, and Yankee Sullivan. He had fought in the Mexican-American war alongside Lilly, with whom he had also helped found the county of San Mateo as a gambling haven. During his exile he had made a visit to Sing Sing, which was suspiciously cut short, not unlike Mike Brannigan’s brief stay in San Quentin.
Mulligan returned to San Francisco in
1863, and spent the rest of his life there drinking heavily and
growing increasingly paranoid that the Vigilantes were out to get
him. In 1865 he locked himself into a room at the old Saint Francis
hotel on Grant and Clay, and started shooting out the window. In his
insanity, he even shot a close friend who had come to talk sense into
him. After several hours, the police finally brought Mulligan down
with a hail of bullets.
Mike was trying to avoid that kind of
outcome. As quietly as possible, he went back to his old trade of
hackdriving.
Hacks lined up on the Plaza cabstand, 1865. (San Francisco Public Library) |
The cab trade had also changed. In 1860, a group of drivers and livery stable owners had formed the Hackmen’s Association, to improve the public image of the city’s hack drivers. Johnny Crowe served as secretary. The association asked city officials to impose licensing requirements on the drivers of hired carriages, and to enforce the regulation of fares, in order to protect passengers from the bad apples who preyed on unsuspecting newcomers along the waterfront. The city complied with these requests, also requiring that hacks carry numbers (painted on the carriage lamps), and that drivers wear badges (pinned to their hats). In 1866 the city appointed its first Hack Inspector, Bernard S. Blitz, reputedly one of Mark Twain’s drinking companions.
Mike wasn’t the sort of cabdriver who
supported this kind of regulation. Mike had more of a
Travis-Kalanick-style philosophy—he resented having to get a
license, and he practiced his own form of “surge pricing” every
chance he got. He even was said to carry a blackjack so he could give
uncooperative passengers some getting-hit-on-the-head lessons. Back
in Mike’s time, his kind of driver was called a “nighthawk,” or
a “scalper.” You can consider him the city’s first Uber driver.
Mike’s first appearance in the news
was for getting arrested for not having a hack license.
His next appearance was for “using
vulgar and obscene language” in the presence of a female passenger,
who Mike claimed had refused to pay him for a ride.
Then, in September 1866:
Mike Brannigan Redivivus—The famous Mike Brannigan made his appearance at the Police Office last night, in a damaged condition and covered with blood... (Daily Alta California)
Mike told the police that he had been shot by a gambler
named George Gilbert in an unprovoked “cold-blooded and murderous assault." The officers tracked down and arrested Gilbert, who was
charged with assault with a deadly weapon. However, it turned out
that “the circumstances were not exactly as had been
stated.”
The fuller story came out during
Gilbert’s subsequent trial. Brannigan and Gilbert had been at odds
over the favors of a woman. The woman in question (who is never named
in the news stories—the Alta describes her only as a “woman of
the town”) apparently chose George over Mike, and moved in with him
at his home at the corner of Clay and Pike (now Waverly Place). As we
know, Mike never could take defeat well. After “following Gilbert for
some time,” Mike showed up at his house and banged on the door,
demanding to be let in. When Gilbert refused, Mike broke down the door and stormed into the room, throwing a large cobblestone at Gilbert’s
head. Gilbert then pulled out a handgun and shot Brannigan in the
arm, in self-defense.
Gilbert was acquitted. The news that
Mike Brannigan had been in another scrape traveled up and down the
state. The Alta lamented that the shot “did not take the top of his
head off.” The Marysville Daily Appeal gave their take on the
episode:
Lawful Game—At San Francisco, a few days ago, Mike Brannigan, the notorious, was shot by a man named Gilbert. Justice Barstow, after hearing the testimony, discharged the defendant, thus virtually deciding that Mike was lawful game for the shootists. Mike better go.
In other words, “it is legal to shoot
Mike Brannigan.” The public had no sympathy for Mike. Surely,
people must have thought, it wouldn’t be long before Mike’s
notorious career came to a swift and violent end.
And the sooner, the better.
And the sooner, the better.
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